NDTech Newsletter #12

Global Engineering Documents

Global Engineering Documents (Global) is part of a diverse group of information companies known as IHS Group. The IHS Group of companies provides customers with timesaving tools that not only help them increase their productivity, but help them stay on the cutting-edge of competition.

Global Engineering Documents, together with its parent company, Information Handling Service (IHS) founded in 1959, is the distributor of standards, specifications, and other technical publications.

Global Engineering Documents maintains exclusive and primary selling partnerships with large Standards Developing Organizations such as UL, TIA/EIA,AGMA,AES,GM,AIA, and NEMA. In addition, Global carries historical and military specifications from around the world.

Customer Service is available Monday through Friday, 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. MST. If you have any comments or suggestions to share with us about our products or our web site, please go to the Customer Service page and fill out our Comment Form.

International customers should contact their nearest Global Info Centre for assistance. International customers may also call our U.S. office in Englewood, Colorado at 303-397-7956.

Global Sales

Global Engineering Documents

15 Inverness Way East

Englewood, Colorado 80112 USA

website: http://global.ihs.com

E-mail: global@ihs.com

Phone: 1-800-854-7179 or 1-303-397-7956 (outside the U.S)

Fax: 1-303-397-2740

New ASTM Nondestructive Testing Standards

E-7 on Nondestructive Testing

• NEW STANDARD

Volume 03.03, 1999

E 2001-98, Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts.

E 2002-98, Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology

E 2003M-98, Practice for Fabrication of the Neutron Radiographic Beam Purity Indicators [Metric].

• REVISION OF STANDARD

Volume 03.03, 1999

E 127-98, Practice for Fabricating or Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks.

E 976-98, Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response

Penetrant Inspection, Hot or Cold: How, When, and Why?

Editor's note: the following excerpt is translated from a newsletter entitled "BabbCo Info," dated March 1999, and written by our colleagues in France at BabbCo, 3 avenues Nagelmackers, Zac du Val Joyeux, 78450 Villepreux. The excerpt deals with using penetrants to inspect uncooled welds, and touches on some of the general issues involved when penetrant inspection temperatures are elevated. The original article did not deal with increasing overall effectiveness of penetrant inspection by adding heat. As the article which appears elsewhere in this newsletter suggests, there is much to be considered and resolved concerning the effects of heat on the penetrant inspection process.

• Temperature Affects Penetrant Inspection •

The molecular movement of a liquid-a penetrant for example-is directly related to the liquid's absolute temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater the movement.

At 0 degrees Kelvin, each atom and each molecule is completely immobile. Molecular movement increases by a factor of four with each unit of increase on the Kelvin scale. Of what consequence is this for penetrant inspection?

The temperature of penetrant applied to a warm surface will quickly rise to the same temperature as the inspection surface, thereby increasing the penetrant's molecular action. A heated penetrant will be less viscous, and better able to penetrate flaws as well as displace any gases, oil, or water therein. Thus, a heated penetrant will more effectively fill a crack.

In addition, when penetrants are heated, dwell times may be reduced. Similarly, the developer step is faster; more quickly moving penetrant molecules are more readily absorbed by the developer layer, and the developer dries faster.

• When to Use Heat with Penetrant Inspection •

Inspecting successive welds is an appropriate circumstance for using heat with penetrant inspection, particularly when a piece's temperature must remain elevated in order to avoid crystallization, such as might occur when a piece is repeatedly cooled to permit inspection, or to avoid a weld's developing fissures from being allowed to cool rapidly.

When inspecting heated surfaces with water washable penetrants, it would be prudent to wipe the surface with a solvent or cleaner resistant to high temperatures, since boiling water may not rinse excess penetrant satisfactorily.

* abstracted from "Penetrant Progress" Newsletter, from Sherwin Inc. 5530 Borwick Ave., Southgate, CA 90280

New ASTM Penetrant Test Panel Requirements

Under the new regime of ASTM E-1417, penetrant users must regularly test the performance of in-use penetrant by comparing it to the performance of unused penetrant. This is an extension of the Mil-Std-6866 requirement for daily system checks using a device such as a "TAM Panel." Only now a comparison must be made between in-use and unused penetrant.

ASTM E-1417 allows for making the comparison to photographs, to laboratory records, or to equivalent known defect standards, "KDS's."

The main problem with photographs is that fluorescent indications do not photograph well, and comparing a non-fluorescing photo image to real world, flourescing indications is difficult at best. Similarly, comparing real world indications to verbal or numerical data is unreliable. The best choice for comparing penetrant performance is to use two equivalent test pieces and make side-by-side comparisons.

One way to perform the comparison tests might be to use two TAM Panels, such as our PSM-5 Panels, processing each with a different penetrant and comparing the results. However, this is not satisfactory for several technical reasons, the principal one being that their manufacturing process precludes TAM Panels from being sufficiently matched twins to render side-by-side comparisons reliable.

To overcome this problem, Sherwin Incorporated has perfected a process for making two panels from a single piece of metal. The panels correctly may be called "twins."

The panels, known as "Twin KDS Panels™," differ from TAM Panels in several important ways. Twin panels are produced from a single metal sheet so they are matched as to surface plating, roughness, and cracks. In addition, the plating thickness is much thinner than that of TAM Panels, making induced cracks more sensitive to process anomalies. Moreover, using a patent-pending process, cracks are produced in pairs, and their size is controlled.

At the same time, Twin KDS Panels are rugged and economical. They withstand daily processing, and would not be considered "delicate laboratory tools."

Penetrant users searching for the best way to comply with the ASTM E-1417 for regular system checks should consider using Twin KDS Panels.

Technical literature and reprints are available by contacting Sherwin Incorporated.

* abstracted from "Penetrant Progress" Newsletter, from Sherwin Inc. 5530 Borwick Ave., Southgate, CA 90280

New HP Educational Website Teaches Basics

Hewlett-Packard Co.'s Educator's Corner Website features hundreds of pages filled with interactive lab experiments, free software, tutorials, and access to online engineering information. The site, targeted for engineering educators and students, is located at http://www.hp.com/info/college_lab103.

HP has collected approximately 100 experiments from engineering educators around the world and made them available to the engineering education community through the Educator's Corner Website. These include all engineering lab experiments from Duke Univ. and Boston Univ. and an interactive experiment on RC (radio control) low-pass filter design, submitted by Denver Univ.

A free copy of the Educator's Corner Website on CD-ROM is also available by visiting the Educator's Corner Website (Literature 5966-4626E) or by calling 1-800-452-4844.

* abstracted from Vol. 2, No. 12. of R&D Magazine's Data Aquisition P.O. Box 5080 Des Plaines, IL 60017-5080

NTIAC offers free NDT literature searches

NTIAC continues to respond to both technical and bibliographic inquiries from the technical community. Simple literature searches of the NTIAC Bibliographic Database are conducted for no charge; however, more extensive reviews and analyses, technology assessments, or technical assistance can be provided for a nominal negotiated fee. Topics include the following:

•Neural network analysis of electromagnetic NDE data

•Ultrasonic Pattern recognition

•NDE of ceramics

•Weld inspection

•Probability of detection of geometric unsharpness

•Stress and fatigue in the automotive industry

* from NTIAC newsletter Volume 24, No. 3

Text available on electromagnetic testing

Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation- T. Takagi, J.R. Bowler and M.Yoshida. Eddy current testing is a key technology among electromagnetic nondestructive testing at present and this situation was motivated by a stringent need to detect small cracks in tubing of a steam generator of nuclear power plants. In these five years the ECT technology has been enhanced very much, demonstrating that high performance sensors for ECT are now ready to be applied to the annual inspection of steam generator tubing with use of arrayed micro sensors for ECT. In addition to the innovative technology, an inversion technique is being theoretically developed to make reconstruction of defects possible with use of data from the arrayed sensors. Rapid growth of interest in electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation has brought together experts from different parts of the world, as reflected in this work.

The book is intended for engineers, researchers, and practitioners working in the area of electromagnetism.

This summary as well as the book can be found at http://www.fatbrain.com. The book is listed at $104.00 and has 328 pages. It was published in May 1999.

Electromagnetic Non-Destructive Evaluation (II)- R. Albanese. The book is a collection of papers on electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation. The book discusses recent developments and exchange up-to-date information in the field of the electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (E'NDE).

Topics covered are:

-New Methods of electromagnetic nondestructive testing

-Advanced sensing technology

-Solution to forward and inverse problems

-Proposal and results of benchmark problems

-Applications (nuclear and aircraft industries, etc.)

This summary as well as the book can be found at http://www.fatbrain.com. The book is listed at $113.00 and has 450 pages. it was published May 1999.

* from NTIAC newsletter Volume 24, No. 3

Price List of NTIAC Publications

Technology Assessment of Optical Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation(Part I) NTIAC-80-2, U.S.-$20, Foreign-$30

Technology Assessment of Optical Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation(Part II) NTIAC-81-1, U.S.-$20, Foreign-$30

Nondestructive Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Composites, Vol. 1. NTIAC-82-1, U.S.-$20, Foreign-$30

Ultrasonic Transducers-Performance Variability, Design, and Manufacturing Procedures. NTIAC-84-1, U.S.-$20, Foreign-$30

Automated Radiography, 2nd ed. NTIAC-84-2, U.S.-$30, Foreign-$40

NDE Methods for Characterization of Corrosion NTIAC-88-1, U.S.-$30, Foreign-$40

Nondestructive Evaluation of Adhesive Bond Quality NTIAC-89-1, U.S.-$30, Foreign-$40

Assessment and Prospects for Improved NDE Bearing Inspection Technology NTIAC-90-1, U.S.-$30, Foreign-$40

The Application of Digital signal Processing and Pattern Recognition to Ultrasonic and Electromagnetic Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation NTIAC-90-2, U.S.-$30, Foreign-$40

Microwave Nondestructive Evaluation NTIAC-95-01, U.S.-$50, Foreign-$60

Heat Damage in Graphite epoxy composites:Degradation, Measurement and Detection NTIAC-SR-98-02, U.S.-$75, Foreign-$85

NDE of Hidden Corrosion NTIAC-SR-98-03, U.S.-$75, Foreign-$85

NDE of Cracks in Aircraft NTIAC-SR-98-04, U.S.-$75, Foreign-$85

Laser Ultrasonics NTIAC-TA-98-01, U.S.-$55, Foreign-$65

NDE of Process control of Polymar Matrix Composites NTIAC-TA-98-02, U.S.-$55, Foreign-$65

* from NTIAC newsletter Volume 24, No. 3

New Weld Inspection Publication offered by AWS

Inspection Trends is a new quarterly publication from the American Welding Society. AWS describes the publication as:

"...edited for personnel whose main function is to inspect and test materials and welds for integrity and provide training for such activities. The editorial is practical in nature with and emphasis on trends, technology, issues of concern in the profession, safety, case histories, and basic information on methodology."

The publication is free if you are a member of AWS or you can purchase a subscription. For more information please contact the American Welding Society at 1-800-443-WELD.

* from NTIAC newsletter Volume 24, No. 3

NDT Paper References

• General and reviews •

Revise above ground storage tank inspections - Hendrix, D.E. Hyrdrocarbon Processing. v. 77(10), (Oct 1998), p105-116

Climbing the walls. A new robot has big potential - Anon. Engineering, v. 239(10), (Nov 1998), p38-39

Assessing creep damage using NDE techniques - Shannon, B.E. and Smith, N. Ammonia Plant Safety(and Related Facilities), v.(38), (1998), p104-111.

• Miscellaneous Techniques •

Nondestructive determination of tensile properties and fracture toughness of cold worked A36 steel - Murty, K.L. et al. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, v. 75(11), (1998), p831-840

Improved probabilistic model for fracture toughness prediction for nuclear pressure vessel steels - Margolin, B.Z. et al. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. v. 75(12), (1998), p843-856.

Leak detection in liquified gas pipelines by artificial neural networks - Belsito, S. et al. AlChE Journal, (Dec 1998), p2675-2688.

Seeing is Believing: Graphical interface software aids pip inspection - Anon. INSIGHT. Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, v. 41(2), (Feb 1999), p88-89.

• Ultrasonic and acoustic •

Principles and applications of air-coupled ultrasonics - Buckley, J. INSIGHT. Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, v. 40(11), (Nov 1998), p755-759.

Acoustic detection of gas bubbles in a pipe - Leighton, T.G. and others. Acustica, v. 84(5), (1998), p801-814

A sensitive ultrasonic approach to NDE of tightly closed small cracks - Ahmed, S.R. et al. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, v. 120(4), (Nov 1998), p384-392.

Ultrasonic instrumentation for measuring applied stress on bridges - Fuchs, P.A. et al. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, v. 17(3), (Sept 1998), p129-140.

Using ultrasound to gauge internal corrosion - Anon. INSIGHT. Non-destructive testing and Condition Monitoring, v. 41(2), (Feb 1999), p90-92.

Corrosion depth measurements for bottom plate of fuel storage tanks and results of ultrasonic thickness inspection - Araoka, A. and others. Corrosion Engineering, v. 47(2), (1998), p155-162.

Experiences with nondestructive testing of static equipment - Scheerder, A.A.A. Ammonia Plant Safety, v.(38), (1998), p241-252.

The defect detection and non-destructive evaluation in weld zone of austenitic stainless steel 304 using neural network ultrasonic wave - Yi, W. et al. KSME International Journal, v. 12(6), (1998), p1150-1161.

Towards automated interpretation of ultrasonic NDT data - Cornwell, I. and McNab, A. NDT&E International, v. 32(2), (1999), p101-107.

• Radiography •

Lessons learned from accidents in industrial radiography.[Safety Reports Series No. 7].- Anon. IAEA, (1998), 57pp.

• Eddy current •

Inspecting finned heat exchanger tubes using tube-to-tube through transmission - Kong, X and Atherton, D.L. INSIGHT. Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, v. 41(2), (Feb 1999), p96-99

• Magnetic •

Electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation. 2nd edition. - Albanese, R. IOS Press, (1998), 344pp.

Magnetic non-destructive evaluation of accumulated fatigue damage in ferromagnetic steels for nuclear plant component - Morishita, K. et al. Journal of Nuclear Materials, v.263, (1998), p1946-1952.

Electromagnetic wire rope inspection-resolution is important - Weischedel, H.R. Materials Evaluation, v.56(11), (1998), p1297-1301.

Inspection and repair of a crude-oil pipeline - Vranckx, W. et al. Corrosion Prevention and Control, v.45(5), (Oct 1998), p135-141.

Detection of corrosion of carbon steel tubes at and within the tube sheet in a shell exchanger - Owston, C.N. INSIGHT. Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, v.41(2), (Feb 1999), p93-95.

A new breed of intelligent pig for the detection of defects in the long seam weld of steel pipelines - Mundell, P. and Grimes, K. INSIGHT. Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, v.41(2), (Feb 1999), p75-79.

• Optical and ultra-violet •

Non-contact laser inspection for the inner wall surface of a pipe - Zhang, W.W. et al. Measurement Science and Technology, v.9(9), (1998), p1380-1387.

Using shearography to find the flaws - Anon. Mechanical Engineering, v.121(2), (Feb 1999), p62-63.

• Thermal and infra-red •

Thermal imaging - Sterratt, D. Engineering Technology, (Nov 1998), p50-52.

• Acoustic emission •

AE detection of cracking in pipe socket welds - Morgan, B.C. Journal of Acoustic Emission, v.15(1-4), (Jan-Dec 1997), p69-78.

Modal analysis of acoustic emission signals - Dunegan, H.L. Journal of Acoustic Emission, v.15(1-4), (Jan-Dec 1997), p53-61.

Acoustic Emission - Ono, K. Handbook of Acoustics, (1998), p641-653.

A reference standard for the development of acoustic emission pipeline leak detection techniques - Miller, R.K. and other. NDT&E International, v.32(1), (1999), p1-8.

* Abstracted from INSIGHT;Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring. Vol.41, No. 6. June 1999.

Non-destructive Testing Products and Services Database

NTIAC announces the availability of a new service -- a Products and Services Database. This database contains information on over 7,500 companies and organizations worldwide that provide NDT products, services, instruments, equipment, supplies, and accessories. The database can be searched by company name, geographic area (city, state, country, zip code, etc), NDT method, products and services provided, or trade names.

Upon request, NTIAC will perform searches of the Products and Services Database for a charge of $50 for up to 100 "hits" plus $1 for each "hit" over the first 100. Results can be provided in hard copy or floppy disk format and include company name, address, phone and fax numbers, contact persons, and products and services provided (individual records may not contain information in all of these fields).

For further information, contact NTIAC at:

Mail: NTIAC

415 Crystal Creek Drive

Austin, TX 78746

Phone: (512) 263-2101

Fax: (512) 263-3530

E-mail: ntiac@access.texas.gov

WWW: http://www.dtic.dla.mil/iac/ntiac/ntiachome.html

NDT Standards and Specifications Database

NTIAC announces the availability of the Standards and Specifications Database. This database contains information on over 1500 NDT related standards, specifications, recommended practices and requirements from more than 40 sources, including ASTM, Government and Foreign organizations.

Each record contains title, source organization, issue date, revision date, NDT method, document number, and keywords. Most records also include an abstract of the document's content. Searches can be performed by keyword, source organization, title, document number, and abstract text string.

A floppy disk containing the complete NDT Standards and Specifications Database, along with user's manual, can be purchased for $150. Bi-annual updates are available at a cost of $50 per year. This program operates in DOS, and requires a minimum of a 286 computer, 2 MB RAM and 5 MB of hard drive memory. No seperate database software is needed to run the program.

Hard copy search results from the database can also be purchased for a search fee of $20 plus $1 per record.

For further info, contact NTIAC:

Mail: NTIAC

415 Crystal Creek Drive

Austin, TX 78746

Phone: (512) 263-2101

Fax: (512) 263-3530

E-mail: ntiac@access.texas.gov

WWW: http://www.dtic.dla.mil/iac/ntiac/ntiachome.html

New NTIAC Publication

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Capabilities Databook

NTIAC announces the availability of a new publication, the Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Capabilities Data Book. This Data Book consolidates and organizes available reference data for demonstrated NDE performance capabilities into a single source. Data generated and documented in various forms over the past 25 years through a number of government and private programs have been analyzed, organized, and presented in a systematic, common format. Data analysis and organization were performed primarily by Mr. Ward D. Rummel and his team at Lockheed Martin in Denver, CO. Guidelines are presented for selecting options for use of NDE and for assessing the potential to meet design requirements (critical flaw detection requirements). Guidelines for demonstration of specific NDE process capabilities are also presented.

Following a 65 page text (7 chapters) describing various aspects of NDE capabilities quantification, probability of detection (POD), and damage tolerance concepts, 229 POD curves are organized and presented in a series of Appendices. The Appendices are organized by NDE method to provide reference POD data; NDE procedure capabilities included in the Data Book are:

ET- Eddy Current Inspection MT-Magnetic Particle Inspection

UT-Ultrasonic Inspection VT-Visual Inspection

RT- X-Radiographic Inspection ZT-Emerging Inspection Processes

PT-Liquid Penetrant Inspection (visible and fluorescent)

A documentation page precedes each data-set and provides a condensed description of the test object, test artifacts, NDE procedures and results summary. The POD curves for varying test object, test artifact and data collection conditions follow the documentation page: POD data are presented as a function of crack length, and as a function of crack depth and crack depth-to-thickness ratio for selected data sets. Original reference source information is provided for each data set. Materials covered include: aluminum (2219 T-87 and 2024 T-37), stainless steel (AMS 355), and titanium-6AI4V.

The NDE Capabilities Data Book (publication number NTIAC DB-95-02) is available in hard copy from NTIAC for $100 ($110 overseas). A three-ring binder format is utilized to provide flexibility for updating the Data Book as new NDE data are generated and made available. Raw data used in developing the Data Book are archived in both hard copy and electronic form and can be provided for additional cost. To order or to recieve more information please contact NTIAC at:

Mail: NTIAC

415 Crystal Creek Drive

Austin, TX 78746

Phone: (512) 263-2106

(800) NTIAC 39

Fax: (512) 263-3530

E-mail: ntiac@access.texas.gov

NTIAC has found that our Internet connection is very useful in getting beneficial responses to various requests for information. Examples of past rfi's that have been disseminated via NTIAC's Internet connection include:

• Inspectors of Fuel Injectors

• Organizations familiar with high temperature NDE

• Organizations familiar with inspection of insulated components

The primary tools used in disseminating a DoD rfi are the NTIAC Web Site (~900 accessions per month), Usenet groups, and NTIAC's NDE e-mail list (~400 NDE professionals). The NTIAC Web Site and Usenet groups are open to the general public, and rfi responses are typically recieved from non-profit R&D, corporate, and academic organizations. These rfi's serve to help the DoD agency identify information about potential solutions to problems.

As a DTIC funded, Information Analysis Center, this rfi dissemination service falls within the NTIAC charter and is therefore offered FREE OF CHARGE.

All NTIAC disseminated rfi's must be NDE related and must be submitted by a DoD agency. Rfi's generated by DoD contractors will be accepted with approval from the contract sponsor. Rfi's must include, at a minimum, a complete description of:

• The problem, including inspection enviroment, component material, component geometry, cause of flaws(how flaws initiate and propagate), and nature of potential flaws

• Desired properties of a solution(e.g. speed, cost, user training, portability)

• A point of contact(POC) for responses, including a name and some means of making contact, such as mailing or e-mail address, telephone or fax number, etc. NTIAC prefers that all respondents interact directly with this POC. When necessary, NTIAC can collect responses and forward them to the POC.

NTIAC will not disseminate Requests for Proposals.

Please contact NTIAC to have an rfi disseminated via Internet.

Mail: NTIAC

415 Crystal Creek Drive

Austin, TX 78746

Phone: (512) 263-2101

(800) NTIAC 39

Fax: (512) 263-3530

E-mail: ntiac@access.texas.gov

WWW: http://www.dtic.mil/iac/ntiac/

** Abstracted from the NTIAC Newsletter